Dipnarine Maharaj M.D. on Diabetes Facts
Total Diabetics in America:
25.8 million children
and adults in the United States—8.3% of the population
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Diagnosed: 18.8 million
people
Undiagnosed: 7.0 million people
Prediabetes: 79 million people*
New Cases: 1.9 million new cases of diabetes are diagnosed in people aged 20
years and older in 2010.
* In contrast to the 2007 National Diabetes Fact Sheet, which used fasting
glucose data to estimate undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes, the 2011
National Diabetes Fact Sheet uses both fasting glucose and A1C levels to derive
estimates for undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes. These tests were chosen
because they are most frequently used in clinical practice.
Under 20
years of age
* 215,000, or 0.26% of all people in this age group have
diabetes
* About 1 in every 400 children and adolescents has type 1
diabetes
Age 20 years
or older
* 25.6 million, or 11.3% of all people in this age group
have diabetes
Age 65 years
or older
* 10.9
million, or 26.9% of all people in this age group have diabetes
Men
* 13.0
million, or 11.8% of all men aged 20 years or older have diabetes
Women
* 12.6
million, or 10.8% of all women aged 20 years or older have diabetes
Race and
ethnic differences in prevalence of diagnosed diabetes
After adjusting for population age differences, 2007-2009 national survey data
for people diagnosed with diabetes, aged 20 years or older include the
following prevalence by race/ethnicity:
* 7.1% of non-Hispanic whites
* 8.4% of Asian Americans
* 12.6% of non-Hispanic blacks
* 11.8% of Hispanics
Among
Hispanics rates were:
* 7.6% for Cubans
* 13.3% for Mexican Americans
* 13.8% for Puerto Ricans.
Morbidity and Mortality
* In 2007, diabetes was listed as the underlying cause on
71,382 death certificates and was listed as a contributing factor on an
additional 160,022 death certificates. This means that diabetes contributed to
a total of 231,404 deaths.
Complications
Heart disease and stroke
* In 2004, heart disease was noted on 68% of
diabetes-related death certificates among people aged 65 years or older.
* In 2004, stroke was noted on 16% of diabetes-related death
certificates among people aged 65 years or older.
* Adults with diabetes have heart disease death rates about
2 to 4 times higher than adults without diabetes.
* The risk for stroke is 2 to 4 times higher among people
with diabetes.
High blood pressure
* In 2005-2008, of adults aged 20 years or older with
self-reported diabetes, 67% had blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90
mmHg or used prescription medications for hypertension.
Blindness
* Diabetes is the leading cause of new cases of blindness
among adults aged 20–74 years.
* In 2005-2008, 4.2 million (28.5%) people with diabetes
aged 40 years or older had diabetic retinopathy, and of these, almost 0.7
million (4.4% of those with diabetes) had advanced diabetic retinopathy that
could lead to severe vision loss.
Kidney disease
* Diabetes is the #1 cause of kidney failure, accounting for
44% of new cases in 2008.
* In 2008, 48,374 people with diabetes began treatment for
end-stage kidney disease in the United States.
* In 2008, a total of 202,290 people with end-stage kidney
disease due to diabetes were living on chronic dialysis or with a kidney
transplant in the United States.
Nervous system disease (Neuropathy)
* About 60% to 70% of people with diabetes have mild to
severe forms of nervous system damage.
Amputation
* More than 60% of nontraumatic lower-limb amputations occur
in diabetics.
*
In 2006, about 65,700 nontraumatic lower-limb amputations were performed in
people with diabetes.
Cost of Diabetes:
* $174 billion: Total costs of diagnosed diabetes in the
United States in 2007
* $116 billion for direct medical costs
* $58 billion for indirect costs (disability, work loss,
premature mortality)
After adjusting for population age and sex differences, average medical
expenditures among people with diagnosed diabetes were 2.3 times higher than
what expenditures would be in the absence of diabetes.
Estimates related to the cost of diabetes have been calculated by the American
Diabetes Association are as follows:
Factoring in the additional costs of undiagnosed diabetes, gestational diabetes
brings the total diabetes to $218 billion.
